优化我国中西部地区针织服装生产的思考

针对我国中西部地区针织服装生产现状.提出了建立人体尺寸系统测量数据库、完善原辅料成品检测中心、提高缝制技术、创建品牌等优化针织服装生产的建议.     

电气绝缘系统及绝缘材料耐热性的新概念

电气绝缘的耐热性备受有关人员的关注,研究工作一直不断,概念不断更新。耐热性、耐热指数、耐热等级等术语定义在更改,"极限温度","长期使用"等模糊字样被更清晰的解释所代替。     

水处理絮凝效果综合控制指标研究进展

在分析絮凝相似原则的基础上,综合前人的基础理论和研究成果,对现有絮凝控制指标G、GT、GTRe-1/2、E1t/3T、Eu、Fr等进行了综合对比,阐述了各个指标产生的理论基础及优缺点,并指出现有的絮凝控制指标在一定程度上都存在很大的局限。随着混凝理论的发展和混凝动力学研究的深入,在大量试验的基础上,迫切要求出现更符合实际、更科学的新的参数。     

Handling properties of cereal materials in the presence of moisture and oil

A powder flow analyzer attached to a Texture Analyser (Stable Micro Systems, UK) was used to compare the flow behaviour of four cereals systems: maize and wheat (in both starch and flour forms), as functions of particle size and distribution, water content and the addition of different types of oil. It was expected that the smaller the particle size the higher the tendency to stick (because of less free volume between the particles), but that was not the case. The results showed that wheat starch used, with bigger particle size than maize starch, had higher cohesion properties and as water content increases the cohesion increases by the same magnitude. This was attributed to the differences in granular shape as well as protein quantity and quality. Caking strength for both starches was influenced by the water content; in particular at 30% water content (w/w), neither cohesion nor caking indices could be measured for wheat starch because of the high stickiness of the particles.Although the two flours had particles of very similar sizes, with differences in the distributions only, maize showed higher cohesion indices compared to wheat flour. These values decreased with increasing water content. The caking property for maize was not significantly affected by water content with values of approximately 100 ± 5. The caking strength increased for wheat flour from 8 to 500 as moisture increased from 12.5 to 30%. This was ascribed to the differences in hydration properties of the two flours. For wheat flour and as the water content increased, gluten started to form and would require more than 30% to form a homogenous, visco-elastic mass.Generally, cohesivity and cake forming ability were affected by water content as well as the physical state of the oil i.e. by the solid/liquid ratios. As water content increases, wheat starch showed the greatest packing and cohesive behaviour, with and without the oil, while maize flour exhibited the weakest packing and cohesive properties.     

具有外伸臂超高层结构的水平位移计算

以设置四道外伸臂超高层结构为例，探讨了带外伸臂超高层建筑结构的水平位移计算问题。导出了求解外伸臂约束弯矩的矩阵方程，在此基础上推导了求解顶点水平位移的计算公式，同时探讨了外伸臂抗弯刚度的计算问题。最后给出了算例，说明外伸臂的有效性和计算方法对工程设计的实用性。     

R-Curve Behavior and Crack-Closure Stresses in Barium Titanate and (Mg,Y)-PSZ Ceramics

R -curves, process zones, and shielding stresses of barium titanate (BaTiO₃) and partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) have been studied using compact-tension (CT) specimens. BaTiO₃ and PSZ exhibited pronounced R -curves that rose over similar crack lengths and showed steady-state toughnesses of 0.7 and 6.4 MPa·m^1/2, respectively. Both steady-state toughnesses were ∼80% larger than the initial fracture toughnesses. Ferroelastic domain switching was the main toughening mechanism in BaTiO₃, whereas, in PSZ, transformation toughening was the main toughening mechanism. The crack process zone and crack-opening-displacement (COD) profile of each material was studied in detail using atomic force microscopy. Crack-closure-stress distributions were extracted from the COD profiles, using weight-function methods. The resulting stress profiles indicated that compressive residual stresses of 40 MPa in BaTiO₃ and 400 MPa in PSZ acted in a limited region behind the crack tip. In the PSZ, crack bridging seemed to be a competing mechanism to transformation toughening.     

Effect of weight,height and BMI on injury outcome in side impact crashes without airbag deployment

A comprehensive analysis is performed to evaluate the effect of weight, height and body mass index (BMI) of occupants on side impact injuries at different body regions. The accident dataset for this study is based on the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) for accident year 2000–08. The mean BMI values for driver and front passenger are estimated from all types of crashes using NASS database, which clearly indicates that mean BMI has been increasing over the years in the USA. To study the effect of BMI in side impact injuries, BMI was split into three groups namely (1) thin (BMI < 21), (2) normal (BMI 24–27), (3) obese (BMI > 30). For more clear identification of the effect of BMI in side impact injuries, a minimum gap of three BMI is set in between each adjacent BMI groups. Car model years from MY1995–1999 to MY2000–2008 are chosen in order to identify the degree of influence of older and newer generation of cars in side impact injuries. Impact locations particularly side-front (F), side-center (P) and side-distributed (Y) are chosen for this analysis. Direction of force (DOF) considered for both near side and far side occupants are 8 o’clock, 9 o’clock, 10 o’clock and 2 o’clock, 3 o’clock and 4 o’clock respectively. Age <60 years is also one of the constraints imposed on data selection to minimize the effect of bone strength on the occurrence of occupant injuries. AIS2+ and AIS3+ injury risk in all body regions have been plotted for the selected three BMI groups of occupant, delta-V 0–60 kmph, two sets (old and new) of car model years. The analysis is carried with three approaches: (a) injury risk percentage based on simple graphical method with respect to a single variable, (b) injury distribution method where the injuries are marked on the respective anatomical locations and (c) logistic regression, a statistical method, considers all the related variables together. Lower extremity injury risk appears to be high for thin BMI group. It is found that BMI does not have much influence on head injuries but it is influenced more by the height of the occupant. Results of logistic analysis suggest that BMI, height and weight may have significant contribution towards side impact injuries across different body regions.     

东平湖湿地景观演变对人类活动的响应机制

为探索南水北调工程通水前后湿地景观格局变化,采用决策树分类法,对2000年、2009年和2014年3期Landsat影像进行分类;在分类结果的基础上,应用转移矩阵和景观指数等方法,分析不同时期景观格局的特点及驱动因素;最后应用马尔科夫模型,对研究区景观格局演变进行预测。结果表明:水域周边出现了更多的建筑用地,景观指数INP由7 174增长至10 334,蔓延度指数IC由64.594 4减少至63.651 5,景观格局总体呈破碎趋势,景观破碎度增加,景观异质性增强;2009—2014年香农均匀度指数ISHE和香农多样性指数ISHD指数小幅上升,景观格局集聚度水平提高,但是与2000年的景观格局水平存在较大差距,部分天然湿地被人工湿地取代,导致湿地生态功能退化。     

Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of C60 Thin Films

Abstract

The results of investigation of the real and imaginary parts of third‐order nonlinear susceptibility (χ⁽³⁾) of C₆₀ thin films (～100 nm) at the wavelength of Nd: YAG laser radiation (532 nm, τ = 55 ps) are presented using Z‐scan technique. Our studies show that the sign of Reχ⁽³⁾ changes from negative, at pulse repetition rate of 2 Hz to positive, at 0.5 Hz. Sign variations of the real part of the third‐order susceptibility were attributed to the influence of the thermal lens.